Bibliographic citations
Roldan, L., (2021). El inicio de los actos ejecutivos en los supuestos de autoría mediata por medio de un aparato organizado de poder [Tesis, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego - UPAO]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12759/8083
Roldan, L., El inicio de los actos ejecutivos en los supuestos de autoría mediata por medio de un aparato organizado de poder [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego - UPAO; 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12759/8083
@misc{renati/373416,
title = "El inicio de los actos ejecutivos en los supuestos de autoría mediata por medio de un aparato organizado de poder",
author = "Roldan Gavidia, Luis Yoao",
publisher = "Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego - UPAO",
year = "2021"
}
For criminal law, mediate authorship is a legal concept that seeks to broaden the scope of the perpetrator of the crime. In this way, it is intended to eliminate the possibility that a person who commits a crime using another as a means of execution is freed from criminal responsibility. In our legal system, art. 23 of the Penal Code recognizes three forms of authorship, the second corresponding to mediate authorship. According to this provision, the perpetrator will be “The one who performs the punishable act by himself or through another and those who commit it jointly ...“ Now, according to HURTADO (2005), currently three forms of mediated authorship are admitted. In all of them the agent acts or influences dominating the will of the material intermediary. Consequently, “the mediate perpetrator must have the possibility of de facto controlling and directing the behavior of the person he uses to commit the crime (p. 865). The first one came from “dominance by mistake“, the second modality was that of “dominance by coercion“, and the third modality is known as “mediated authorship by dominion of the will in organized power apparatuses“ (BACIGALUPO, 1998, p. 369-372). It should be noted that the discussion against authorship from organized power apparatuses is an issue that took effect from the lectures of Professor Roxin in 1963, (ROXIN, 1998, p. 274) who made his approach in the face of justify the trial of those involved in the crimes of the Nazi holocaust. On the other hand the art. 16 of the Penal Code, establishes that in the attempt the agent begins the execution of a crime, which he decided to commit without consummating it. In this regard, it should be noted that this legal formula has not brought any major inconvenience in its application to the cases of carrying out the crime through direct authorship or co-authorship, however, as it does not contain any specific criteria for determining the beginning of the execution of the crime. Offense in cases of mediated authorship, identification is debatable. And it is that, identifying the beginning of the executive acts of the crime in the cases of direct responsibility, it is complicated; This will depend on how the attempt is conceived, on when the actions proper to the attempt are carried out and especially on who executes them. In other words, the application of the ROXIN theory is current; However, although the criminal law conceives the figure of mediate authorship, as well as regulates the attempt; It is also true that there is no precise delimitation of the moment when the crime begins, in order to identify the attempt in cases of indirect responsibility. Therefore, the study of the beginning of the execution of the crime within our criminal legislation, supposes a challenge that starts from the fact of delimiting the imputation within the iter criminis. Consequently, it is necessary the existence of legal criteria to determine the moment of execution in crimes of indirect responsibility, through an apparatus of organized power to differentiate the degrees of development of the crime and to be able to distinguish whether we are facing preparatory acts or executives of the crime, in order to qualify the attempt as the first stage of punishment.
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