Bibliographic citations
Levy, S., (2018). Emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii international clones II and III in Lima, Perú [Tesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)]. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624828
Levy, S., Emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii international clones II and III in Lima, Perú [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC); 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624828
@misc{renati/367451,
title = "Emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii international clones II and III in Lima, Perú",
author = "Levy Blitchtein, Saul",
publisher = "Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC)",
year = "2018"
}
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is the top-ranked pathogen in the World Health Organisation priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It emerged as a global pathogen due to the successful expansion of a few epidemic lineages, or international clones (IC), producing acquired class-D carbapenemases (OXA-type). During the last decade, however, reports regarding IC-I isolates in Latin America are scarce and non-existent for IC-II and IC-III isolates. Objective: This study evaluates the phenotypic resistance patterns, the presence of carbapenem-resistance mechanisms and the clonal relatedness of 80 non-duplicate clinical samples of A. baumannii collected from February 2014 through April 2016 at two tertiary care hospitals in Lima. Methods and materials: Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was analysed by disk diffusion and E-test for all antibiotics but colistin, which was determined by broth microdilution, and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines for Acinetobacter spp. Tigecycline results were interpreted following EUCAST guidelines for Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenemase genes were detected by PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing. The clonal relatedness was examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and MLST with the Pasteur scheme. Results: Almost all isolates were carbapenem-resistant (97.5%), and susceptibility only remained high for colistin (95%). PFGE showed two main clusters spread between both hospitals: cluster D containing 51 isolates (63.8%) associated with sequence type 2 (ST2) and carrying OXA-72, and cluster F containing 13 isolates (16.3%) associated with ST79 and also carrying OXA-72. ST2 and ST79 were endemic in at least one of the hospitals. International clone I (IC-I) ST1 and IC-III (ST3) OXA-23-producing isolates were also identified. They accounted for sporadic hospital isolates. Interestingly, two isolates carried the novel OXA-253 variant of OXA-143 together with an upstream novel insertion sequence (ISAba47). Conclusion: While the predominant A. baumannii lineages in Latin America are linked to ST79, ST25, ST15, and ST1 producing OXA-23 enzymes, we report the emergence of highly-resistant ST2 (IC-II) isolates in Peru producing OXA-72 and the first identification of ST3 isolates (IC-III) in Latin America, both considered a serious threat to public health worldwide.
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