Estudio de factores de riesgo predisponentes a enfermedades cardiovasculares en profesionales de la salud de los Centros de Salud de la provincia de Pisco - 2022

Abstract

El objetivo del estudio es determinar la prevalencia de factores de riesgo modificables predisponentes a enfermedades cardiovasculares en profesionales de la salud de los Centros de Salud San Juan de Dios, Casalla y Tupac Amaru Inca de la Provincia de Pisco – 2022. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, no experimental, se aplicó a 54 profesionales de la salud un cuestionario para determinar: Hábitos alimenticios, consumo de tabaco y alcohol, actividad física, estrés laboral y las características sociodemográficas. Se calculo el IMC, se midió la presión arterial, se determinó el Colesterol total, HDL-c, LDL-c, Triglicéridos y glicemia. La edad media fue 38.53 ± 8.02, 61.11% son del sexo femenino, 48.15% son enfermeros y 18.52% médicos, 16.67% presentan maestrías y solo 1.85% doctorado. En los factores modificables 42.59% tienen hábitos alimenticios inadecuados, 42.59% tienen consumo de tabaco moderado y alto, 94.44% presentan consumo moderado de alcohol, 61.11% muestran inactividad física, 96.30% presentan estrés moderado y alto, 40.74% tienen hipertensión arterial, 59.26% tienen riesgo y mayor riesgo de Colesterol total, 55.56% riesgo de HDL-c, 66.67% niveles altos de LDL-c, 59.26% muestran riesgo y mayor riesgo de triglicéridos, y 51.85% presentan glucosa incrementada. La mayoría de los profesionales de la salud presentan alto riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular debido a la presencia de factores de riesgo predisponentes de mayor prevalencia como: estrés, consumo de alcohol, sobrepeso y obesidad, inactividad física, triglicéridos, colesterol total, LDL-c, y glucosa con niveles mayores a los rangos normales establecidos.

The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of modifiable risk factors predisposing to cardiovascular diseases in health professionals from the San Juan de Dios, Casalla and Tupac Amaru Inca Health Centers of the Province of Pisco - 2022. Descriptive study, cross-sectional, non-experimental, a questionnaire was applied to 54 health professionals to determine: eating habits, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, work stress and sociodemographic characteristics. BMI was calculated, blood pressure was measured, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides and glycemia were determined. The mean age was 38.53 ± 8.02, 61.11% are female, 48.15% are nurses and 18.52% are doctors, 16.67% have master's degrees and only 1.85% have a doctorate. In the modifiable factors, 42.59% have inadequate eating habits, 42.59% have moderate and high tobacco consumption, 94.44% have moderate alcohol consumption, 61.11% show physical inactivity, 96.30% have moderate and high stress, 40.74% have high blood pressure, 59.26 % have risk and higher risk of Total Cholesterol, 55.56% risk of HDL-c, 66.67% have high levels of LDL-c, 59.26% show risk and higher risk of triglycerides, and 51.85% have increased glucose. The majority of health professionals have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease due to the presence of more prevalent predisposing risk factors such as: stress, alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL. -c, and glucose with levels higher than the established normal ranges.