Bibliographic citations
Rodríguez, J., (2023). Una propuesta para mejorar el diseño e implementación del Mecanismo de Retribución por Servicios Ecosistémicos con la incorporación de los fondos de agua [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26340
Rodríguez, J., Una propuesta para mejorar el diseño e implementación del Mecanismo de Retribución por Servicios Ecosistémicos con la incorporación de los fondos de agua []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/26340
@mastersthesis{renati/29136,
title = "Una propuesta para mejorar el diseño e implementación del Mecanismo de Retribución por Servicios Ecosistémicos con la incorporación de los fondos de agua",
author = "Rodríguez Gamarra, Juan José",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2023"
}
The purpose of this thesis is to improve the current model of the Retribution Mechanism for Ecosystem Services (MERESE) with the incorporation of water funds in its design and implementation. In particular, the Lima water fund (Aquafondo) is taken as a case study for its work in the Lima basins and the consolidation achieved as an institution. To develop the research, a diagnosis of the implementation of the MERESE in Peru was made, the factors that condition its implementation were analyzed and the strengths of the water funds and their links with the MERESE were identified. MERESE emerged in Peru as an initiative to ensure the permanence of the benefits generated by ecosystems and the services they provide (water regulation, carbon sequestration and storage, pollination, scenic beauty, among others). The MERESE is a positive response to the threats and pressures that ecosystems are suffering due to urban expansion, land use change, pollution, and the effects of climate change. Other nations must contend with these pressures through different channels, such as payments for environmental services (PES), or through other channels in the form of financial and economic tools. However, most economic instruments and market processes can only function well if there are institutions to support them, thus it is necessary to increase institutional capacity to enable more widespread use of those mechanisms. A tool that appears in Latin America in 2000 are the water funds. They seek to improve the quality and availability of water, maintain regular water flows, and maintain or enhance biodiversity or natural ecosystems. They can contribute to developing governance mechanisms for water management, highlight opportunities to reduce costs for water treatment, investing in the basin through natural infrastructure, and promote long-term financial mechanisms to ensure its sustainability. In Peru there are two consolidated water funds and one in the process of creation. Aquafondo, the Lima water fund, created in 2011 and with a solid institutional framework, is analyzed in this research and its experience is proposed to improve the current MERESE model. The results of this investigation regarding the diagnosis of the implementation of the MERESE show an extensive and well-developed regulation, with specifications for the water utilities (EPSS). A review of the current model is also made (steps, elements that make it up) and some weaknesses are found. The weaknesses are related to technical, social, and financial aspects. Another result refers to the factors that condition the implementation of MERESE. These factors are institutional, technical, and financial. Thus, for those initiatives led by EPSS, it is evident that they have not yet managed to incorporate the conservation and recovery of water sources into their institutional culture. This translates into deficiencies and delays in the preparation of technical files and other documents necessary for the approval and financing of the initiatives. Among the technical aspects that are conditioning the implementation of MERESE is the absence of methodologies to determine the water gain in monetary terms for the implementation of actions in the supply basins, in such a way that possible savings and return on investment can be evaluated. On the other hand, the instability or lack of political will in some regional and local governments has hampered the progress of MERESE initiatives led by other actors. Likewise, the absence of a consistent communication strategy that can generate a critical mass favorable to the mechanism generates in some cases a lack of interest in its design and implementation. A third result shows the main strengths and opportunities of the water funds to support the design and implementation of the MERESE and its links with it. Strengths and opportunities are identified at an institutional, technical, community relations and financial level. Finally, links are established between MERESE and water funds to improve the current model of the mechanism.
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