Bibliographic citations
Garvan, C., (2017). Análisis de la conformación de los costos del gas licuado de petróleo que se consume en Lima y Callao y su incidencia en la reducción de su precio [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/10735
Garvan, C., Análisis de la conformación de los costos del gas licuado de petróleo que se consume en Lima y Callao y su incidencia en la reducción de su precio [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/10735
@mastersthesis{renati/261674,
title = "Análisis de la conformación de los costos del gas licuado de petróleo que se consume en Lima y Callao y su incidencia en la reducción de su precio",
author = "Garvan Gamarra, Carlos Aurelio",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2017"
}
The energy scenario of Peru changed with the implementation of the CAMISEA project in 2 004, which allowed drastically reduce dependence on imported oil, replacing in part with Natural Gas (NG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), which it is a derivative of liquids associated with gas from CAMISEA. The differences between light and dry natural gas, but must be compressed: it is lighter than air, is more flammable range, its use is safe and continuous, emits less CO2 to the environment, does not take up extra space (the requiring tubes and heavy steel tanks) and LPG is a product that comes from oil or liquids associated with gas, and requires industrial processing: it is heavier than air, is less flammable range (greater hazard explosion), its use is not continuous, is more polluting to have higher sulfur and takes up extra space to market it in cylinders. The gas from Blocks 88 and 56 of CAMISEA, have a very favorable particularity, and that is "wet" gas with a high content of liquid hydrocarbons, which are used to produce GLP precisely. Until 2 004, 6,5 % of Peruvians (according to Census 2 005 INEI) cooked with kerosene: from CAMISEA and increased availability of LPG in cylinders, 76 % of households in Peru cook today with LPG, with a percentage even higher than 88 % in Lima and Callao. Apart from the production of CAMISEA, the use of LPG has been encouraged by fiscal policies. In 2 005 he was exonerated LPG payment of the Selective Consumption Tax (ISC) and then, in year 2 012, the current government created the subsidy called Social Inclusion Fund Energy (FISE) for users of extreme poverty in Peru. Currently the month of May 2 015 as indicated by a recent study of Macroconsult, LPG consumption has been rising over the last decade at an annual rate of 11 %, much higher than the growth of gross domestic product (GDP). At the beginning of the first day of May in the year 2 015 reached a turning point, initially caused by a small pipe rupture liquid in CAMISEA, then by the waves on the coast that prevented shipping from plant Pisco to Callao develop normally, lack of storage capacity on the primary users centers, and finally by indecision for several years to realize the laying of a pipeline to transport LPG from its main plant PLUSPETROL production in Pisco to Lima and Callao. Also the price at the plant in Pisco PLUSPETROL agents and distributors wholesale buyers fell in one year in the amount of $ 630 / t to $ 300 / t, following the global trend in oil prices. But the price of LPG to the user, in which there is a high component of distribution of approximately 50 %, has not decreased, but rather has tended to rise. This contradictory trend lower price on the ground but high consumer prices, deserves further analysis and rethinking. Apparently the main cause of this discrepancy is that an important part of the distribution (roughly 40 %) is made by companies known semiformal that achieve monopoly positions in economically disadvantaged areas. These dealers would be exceeding its dominant position in the most vulnerable areas of Lima and Callao and other cities. Under this scenario most analysts believe that Peru will increase its imports of LPG in the coming years from 2 016, reversing the positive trend that was created with the launch of CAMISEA. Therefore this research aims to analyze the formation of the cost of LPG in their consumption in Lima and Callao, in order to reduce its price: promoting the laying of a pipeline to transport LPG from PLUSPETROL in Pisco to Lima and Callao, develop a policy to promote the exploration of gas and oil, promote LPG distribution policies in a fair market for the benefit of the majority. Finally valuing the price of LPG cylinder 10 kg, through three stages: unsubsidized, subsidized, with international parity and a price well below what was stated.
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