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Díaz, D., (2016). Remoción de metales remanentes del proceso de detoxificación de cianuro en efluentes minero metalúrgicos [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/9561
Díaz, D., Remoción de metales remanentes del proceso de detoxificación de cianuro en efluentes minero metalúrgicos [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/9561
@mastersthesis{renati/261313,
title = "Remoción de metales remanentes del proceso de detoxificación de cianuro en efluentes minero metalúrgicos",
author = "Díaz Inocente, Daysi Kelly",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2016"
}
Title: Remoción de metales remanentes del proceso de detoxificación de cianuro en efluentes minero metalúrgicos
Authors(s): Díaz Inocente, Daysi Kelly
Advisor(s): Vidalón Gálvez, José Andrés
Keywords: Tratamiento de efluentes de minerales; Detoxificación de cianuro; Evaluación del impacto ambiental
Issue Date: 2016
Institution: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Abstract: El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo en una unidad minera que emplea cianuro de sodio como agente lixiviante, la solución que percola de las celdas de lixiviación una vez que es procesada para la extracción del oro es reciclada para efectuar el riego del mineral, evitándose así la generación de efluentes. Sin embargo, este ciclo se ve alterado principalmente por las lluvias; surgiendo la necesidad de descargar la solución tratada a los cuerpos de agua. El tratamiento aplicado para reducir la concentración de cianuro en dichos efluentes es conocido como detoxificación de soluciones cianuradas, en el caso de la unidad minera donde se realiza el proyecto, es efectuado mediante el proceso INCO el cual no sólo destruye el cianuro, sino que precipita metales en forma de hidróxidos, sin embargo, debido a la nueva normativa aplicable a efluentes minero-metalúrgicos que contempla parámetros adicionales reemplazándose el requerimiento de metales disueltos por totales, razón por la cual es que se requiere de procesos complementarios que permitan cumplirla.
Considerándose este aspecto, es que en la presente tesis se propone evaluar y realizar una etapa de precipitación química adicional conocida como tratamiento secundario que tiene como propósito precipitar metales aún remanentes del efluente de la primera etapa del proceso de destrucción de cianuro mediante la adición de sulfato férrico y cal y; luego de sedimentar los precipitados generados; el efluente clarificado ingresa a la siguiente etapa que consiste en ósmosis inversa (RO, por sus siglas en inglés).
La implementación de estas etapas adicionales garantiza la adecuación de la calidad del efluente a la normativa vigente para su descarga, basada en los resultados obtenidos tanto a nivel laboratorio como piloto, así como a escala industrial. Adicionalmente, se complementa esta información con el cálculo aproximado de los costos para la implementación de las etapas adicionales de tratamiento, así como los costos operativos de tratamiento.
This work was conducted in an open pit mine dedicated to the explotation of gold, where sodium cyanide is used as a leaching agent, the solution that percolates from the leaching pads once it is processed for the extraction of gold is recycled for irrigation of the pads, thus avoiding the generation of effluents. However, this cycle is altered upon the occurrence of an imbalance of water caused mainly by rains; emerging the need to discharge the treated solution to the water bodies, the treatment has to remove cyanide species. The treatment implemented to lower the cyanide concentration in the mentioned effluents is known as detoxification of cyanide solutions, the detoxification process is called INCO which not only destroys the cyanide else precipitated metals in the form of hydroxides due to the formation of cyanates, however for the implementation of the new legislation applied to mine metallurgical effluent that consider additional parameters, changing the dissolved metals for total metal concentration, and that is the reason for additional processes that allow to comply with it. Considering this aspect, this thesis is proposing the evaluation, to add a stage of chemical precipitation known as secondary treatment in order to precipitate metals even remnants of the effluent from the first stage of the process of cyanide destruction by the addition of ferric sulfate and lime; then settle precipitates generated; the clarified effluent enters the next stage of reverse osmosis. The results obtained with the implementation of these additional stages meet the current regulations for discharge of effluents which have been confirmed by the experimental researches at level laboratory, pilot and industrial scale. In addition, this information is complemented by the estimate of the costs for the implementation of additional treatment stages as well as the operating costs of treatment.
This work was conducted in an open pit mine dedicated to the explotation of gold, where sodium cyanide is used as a leaching agent, the solution that percolates from the leaching pads once it is processed for the extraction of gold is recycled for irrigation of the pads, thus avoiding the generation of effluents. However, this cycle is altered upon the occurrence of an imbalance of water caused mainly by rains; emerging the need to discharge the treated solution to the water bodies, the treatment has to remove cyanide species. The treatment implemented to lower the cyanide concentration in the mentioned effluents is known as detoxification of cyanide solutions, the detoxification process is called INCO which not only destroys the cyanide else precipitated metals in the form of hydroxides due to the formation of cyanates, however for the implementation of the new legislation applied to mine metallurgical effluent that consider additional parameters, changing the dissolved metals for total metal concentration, and that is the reason for additional processes that allow to comply with it. Considering this aspect, this thesis is proposing the evaluation, to add a stage of chemical precipitation known as secondary treatment in order to precipitate metals even remnants of the effluent from the first stage of the process of cyanide destruction by the addition of ferric sulfate and lime; then settle precipitates generated; the clarified effluent enters the next stage of reverse osmosis. The results obtained with the implementation of these additional stages meet the current regulations for discharge of effluents which have been confirmed by the experimental researches at level laboratory, pilot and industrial scale. In addition, this information is complemented by the estimate of the costs for the implementation of additional treatment stages as well as the operating costs of treatment.
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/9561
Discipline: Maestría en Ciencias con Mención en Minería y Medio Ambiente
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Geológica, Minera y Metalúrgica. Unidad de Posgrado
Grade or title: Maestro en Ciencias con Mención en Minería y Medio Ambiente
Register date: 21-Mar-2018
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License