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Olivares, R., (2024). Factores asociados a la polifarmacia en el adulto mayor en un Centro de Atención Primaria del Cusco, 2021-2022 [Universidad Andina del Cusco]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/6565
Olivares, R., Factores asociados a la polifarmacia en el adulto mayor en un Centro de Atención Primaria del Cusco, 2021-2022 []. PE: Universidad Andina del Cusco; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/6565
@misc{renati/25094,
title = "Factores asociados a la polifarmacia en el adulto mayor en un Centro de Atención Primaria del Cusco, 2021-2022",
author = "Olivares Huamán, Renzo Marcelo",
publisher = "Universidad Andina del Cusco",
year = "2024"
}
Title: Factores asociados a la polifarmacia en el adulto mayor en un Centro de Atención Primaria del Cusco, 2021-2022
Authors(s): Olivares Huamán, Renzo Marcelo
Advisor(s): Vignatti Valencia, Walter Justo
Keywords: Polifarmacia; Geriatría; Adulto mayor; Factores de riesgo
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.00.00
Issue Date: 13-Jun-2024
Institution: Universidad Andina del Cusco
Abstract: INTRODUCCIÓN: El adulto mayor, persona con 60 años o más, presenta grandes
cambios no solo a nivel social sino también a nivel fisiológico, son una población de
riesgo en la cual se presentan los síndromes geriátricos y en los últimos años se empezó
a considerar a la polifarmacia dentro de este grupo de patologías. La polifarmacia se
puede definir como el uso simultaneo de 3-5 o más medicamentos y remedios sin un
periodo de tiempo definido, sus consecuencias aparecen sobre todo en los adultos
mayores como efectos adversos de medicamentos, interacciones farmacológicas, mayor
abandono de la medicación regular, incluso se ha visto aumento de la mortalidad y de la
fragilidad en pacientes adultos mayores con polifarmacia. Debido a estas consecuencias
el presente estudio busca evidenciar que factores predisponen a la polifarmacia para así
poder prevenir de alguna manera dicho problema en la población adulta mayor.
OBJETIVO: Determinar los factores más importantes asociados a la polifarmacia en el
adulto mayor en un centro de atención primaria del Cusco, 2021-2022.
MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: es una investigación de tipo observacional, analítico, que
utiliza el método de estudio de casos y controles, además, es de tipo transversal
retrospectivo. La muestra se conformó por 100 casos (con polifarmacia) y 100 controles
(sin polifarmacia) y se realizó en un centro de salud de atención primaria en Cusco,
además se obtuvo el OR para observar la fuerza de asociación.
RESULTADOS: se observó que los pacientes mayores a 75 años presentaron más riesgo
(OR=7.32, IC 95%: 1.61-33.36), los pacientes de 60-74 años tuvieron menos riesgo de
polifarmacia (OR=0.35, IC 95%: 0.19-0.64). El grupo de adultos mayores que son
casados (OR=0.27, IC 95%: 0.12-0.60) tienen menos riesgo de presentar polifarmacia
comparado con aquellos que son viudos (OR=3.55, IC 95%: 1.57-8.05). Por otro lado, los
factores de riesgo clínicos fueron los de mayor importancia destacando la presencia de
comorbilidad (OR=28.69, IC 95%: 13.08-62.89) como el factor de riesgo más importante,
de igual manera el ingreso hospitalario en el último año (OR=14.33, IC 95%: 5.37-38.29),
la obesidad (OR=5.68, IC 95%: 2.06-15.63) y consultar 2-3 (OR=4.69, IC 95%: 2.568.60)
o
más
de
3
médicos
especialistas
(OR=22.01,
IC
95%:
5.10-95.05)
son
factores
de
riesgo
para
la
polifarmacia.
Con
respecto
a
las
enfermedades
crónicas
transmisibles
se
observó que tanto la hipertensión arterial crónica (Frecuencia: 47.5%, OR=13.50, IC
95%: 6.85-26.60) y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (Frecuencia: 23%, OR=3.30, IC 95%: 1.616.75)
son
las
patologías
más
frecuentes
en
la
población
adulta
mayor
y
también
se
asocian
con
mayor
riesgo
para
polifarmacia.
CONCLUSIONES: Los factores de riesgo para polifarmacia en el adulto mayor fueron
edad mayor a 75 años, ser viudo, presentar comorbilidad, ingreso hospitalario en el último
año, presentar obesidad y consultar más de 2 especialistas médicos. Las enfermedades
crónicas no transmisibles más frecuentes fueron hipertensión arterial crónica y diabetes
mellitus tipo 2 en el adulto mayor.
INTRODUCTION: The older adult, a person aged 60 years or more, presents great changes not only at a social level but also at a physiological level, they are a population at risk in which geriatric syndromes occur and in recent years polypharmacy has begun to be considered within this group of pathologies. Polypharmacy can be defined as the simultaneous use of 3-5 or more drugs and remedies without a defined period of time, its consequences appear especially in older adults as adverse drug effects, drug interactions, greater abandonment of regular medication, even increased mortality and frailty have been seen in older adult patients with polypharmacy. Due to these consequences, the present study seeks to show which factors predispose to polypharmacy in order to be able to prevent this problem in the older adult population. OBJECTIVE: Determine the associated factors with polypharmacy in older adults in a primary care center in Cusco, 2021-2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is an observational, analytical type of research that uses the case-control study method and is also retrospectively cross-sectional. The sample was made up of 100 cases (with polypharmacy) and 100 controls (without polypharmacy) from a primary care health center in Cusco. The OR was also obtained to observe the strength of association. RESULTS: it was observed that patients older than 75 years had a higher risk (OR=7.32, 95% CI: 1.61-33.36), patients aged 60-74 years had a lower risk of polypharmacy (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.64). The group of older adults who are married (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.60) have less risk of presenting polypharmacy compared to those who are widowed (OR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.57-8.05). On the other hand, clinical risk factors were the most important, highlighting the presence of comorbidity (OR=28.69, 95% CI: 13.0862.89) as the most important risk factor, as well as hospital admission in the last year (OR=14. 33, 95% CI: 5.37-38.29), obesity (OR=5.68, 95% CI: 2.06-15.63) and consulting 2-3 (OR=4.69, 95% CI: 2.56-8.60) or more than 3 specialist physicians (OR=22.01, 95% CI: 5.10-95.05) are risk factors for polypharmacy. With respect to chronic communicable diseases, it was observed that both chronic arterial hypertension (Frequency: 47.5%, OR=13.50, 95% CI: 6.85-26.60) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Frequency: 23%, OR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.61-6.75) are the most frequent pathologies in the older adult population and are also associated with a higher risk for polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for polypharmacy in the elderly were age over 75 years, being widowed, presenting comorbidity, hospital admission in the last year, obesity, and consulting more than 2 medical specialists. The most frequent chronic noncommunicable diseases were chronic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly.
INTRODUCTION: The older adult, a person aged 60 years or more, presents great changes not only at a social level but also at a physiological level, they are a population at risk in which geriatric syndromes occur and in recent years polypharmacy has begun to be considered within this group of pathologies. Polypharmacy can be defined as the simultaneous use of 3-5 or more drugs and remedies without a defined period of time, its consequences appear especially in older adults as adverse drug effects, drug interactions, greater abandonment of regular medication, even increased mortality and frailty have been seen in older adult patients with polypharmacy. Due to these consequences, the present study seeks to show which factors predispose to polypharmacy in order to be able to prevent this problem in the older adult population. OBJECTIVE: Determine the associated factors with polypharmacy in older adults in a primary care center in Cusco, 2021-2022. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is an observational, analytical type of research that uses the case-control study method and is also retrospectively cross-sectional. The sample was made up of 100 cases (with polypharmacy) and 100 controls (without polypharmacy) from a primary care health center in Cusco. The OR was also obtained to observe the strength of association. RESULTS: it was observed that patients older than 75 years had a higher risk (OR=7.32, 95% CI: 1.61-33.36), patients aged 60-74 years had a lower risk of polypharmacy (OR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.64). The group of older adults who are married (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.12-0.60) have less risk of presenting polypharmacy compared to those who are widowed (OR=3.55, 95% CI: 1.57-8.05). On the other hand, clinical risk factors were the most important, highlighting the presence of comorbidity (OR=28.69, 95% CI: 13.0862.89) as the most important risk factor, as well as hospital admission in the last year (OR=14. 33, 95% CI: 5.37-38.29), obesity (OR=5.68, 95% CI: 2.06-15.63) and consulting 2-3 (OR=4.69, 95% CI: 2.56-8.60) or more than 3 specialist physicians (OR=22.01, 95% CI: 5.10-95.05) are risk factors for polypharmacy. With respect to chronic communicable diseases, it was observed that both chronic arterial hypertension (Frequency: 47.5%, OR=13.50, 95% CI: 6.85-26.60) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Frequency: 23%, OR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.61-6.75) are the most frequent pathologies in the older adult population and are also associated with a higher risk for polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for polypharmacy in the elderly were age over 75 years, being widowed, presenting comorbidity, hospital admission in the last year, obesity, and consulting more than 2 medical specialists. The most frequent chronic noncommunicable diseases were chronic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the elderly.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12557/6565
Discipline: Medicina Humana
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Andina del Cusco. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Grade or title: Médico Cirujano
Juror: Sanchez Garrafa, Ricardo; Ojeda Alvarez, Jhon; Mejia Hurtado, Margot; Araujo Arosquipa, Lelis Augusto
Register date: 27-Jun-2024
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License