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Aragón, L., (2021). Potencial de los sistemas agroforestales como alternativas sustentables en Yurimaguas [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4925
Aragón, L., Potencial de los sistemas agroforestales como alternativas sustentables en Yurimaguas []. PE: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4925
@phdthesis{renati/248879,
title = "Potencial de los sistemas agroforestales como alternativas sustentables en Yurimaguas",
author = "Aragón Caballero, Liliana María",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2021"
}
Title: Potencial de los sistemas agroforestales como alternativas sustentables en Yurimaguas
Authors(s): Aragón Caballero, Liliana María
Advisor(s): Alegre Orihuela, Julio César
Keywords: Sistemas agroforestales; Sistemas de explotación; Agroforestería; Suelo; Química del suelo; Física del suelo
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.01
Issue Date: 2021
Institution: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Abstract: Los sistemas agroforestales (SAF) se caracterizan por diversificar varios componentes vegetales como especies forestales, forrajes y cultivos. Los SAF constituyen una de las alternativas más apropiadas para recuperar los suelos degradados de la Amazonía; tal como fue investigado en Yurimaguas (Alto Amazonas, Loreto) por el INIA e ICRAF (Alegre 2015) en los últimos 30 años. Se evaluó la sustentabilidad socio-económica y ambiental de los sistemas agroforestales en Yurimaguas, Loreto, Perú; a través de la caracterización de los tipos de SAF; el diagnóstico del estado fitopatológico en los SAF; y su impacto en la sustentabilidad. Esta investigación se desarrolló en 11 caseríos del distrito de Yurimaguas, con una muestra no probabilística de 18 agricultores, a los cuales se les entrevistó mediante un cuestionario organizado en 13 secciones con 147 variables. Para esto se emplearon métodos estadísticos tales como el resumen numérico de datos (RND), el análisis exploratorio de datos (AED) y las técnicas multivariantes, en particular el análisis factorial, el análisis jerárquico y el análisis de componentes principales. En la parte fitopatológica, se tomaron muestras de manchas foliares (MF); a partir de las cuales se hicieron los aislamientos fitopatológicos y posteriormente se identificaron morfológica y molecularmente. También se determinó la incidencia de MF en el 2018 y 2019. Los principales resultados describen una estrategia compleja de conformación de los SAF, basados en la implementación y conservación del bosque. El análisis factorial resultó satisfactorio según las pruebas estadísticas KMO y esfericidad Bartlet, y se logró explicar el 64.43% de la varianza con tres dimensiones, permitiendo identificar a los agricultores según los índices sociales, económicos y ambientales de sustentabilidad. Se concluyó que las preferencias de los agricultores en los sistemas de implementación fueron SAF y reforestación (R); y en los sistemas de conservación el de bosques (B). Dentro de los distintos sistemas agroforestales, el de mayor sustentabilidad fue el silvopastoril (SSP). Respecto a los indicadores, los económicos fueron los principales, seguido de los ambientales. La finca ubicada en Centro Chambira (SSP) fue el de mayor sustentabilidad económica, social y ambiental. La intensidad de las manchas foliares fue mayor en los sistemas de monocultivo de palmito en comparación con los SAF o SSP; por lo que a mayor diversidad de especies vegetales se observó mejor sustentabilidad en el manejo de las enfermedades de manchas foliares.
Agroforestry systems (AFS) have different plant components such as forest species, forages, and crops. AFSs is one of the most appropriate alternatives to recover degraded soils in the Amazon. They were investigated in Yurimaguas (Alto Amazonas, Loreto) by INIA and ICRAF (Alegre 2015) in the last 30 years. The socio-economic and environmental sustainability of the agroforestry systems in Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru, were evaluated through the characterization of the AFS; and their impact on sustainability. This research was developed in 11 villages in the Yurimaguas district, with a non-probabilistic sample of 18 farmers, who were interviewed using a questionnaire organized into 13 sections with 147 variables. Statistical analysis consisted in numerical data summary (NDS), exploratory data analysis (EDA) and multivariate techniques such as factor analysis, hierarchical analysis, and principal component analysis. In the phytopathological part, leaf spots (LS) were analyzed. Different isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly. The incidence of LS was also determined in 2018 and 2019. The main results describe a complex strategy for the conformation of the AFS, based on the implementation and conservation of the forest. According to the statistical tests KMO and Bartlet sphericity, the factor analysis was satisfactory. It was possible to explain 64.43% of the variance with three dimensions, identifying the farmers according to social, economic, and environmental sustainability indices. It was concluded that the farmers' preferences in the implementation systems were AFS and reforestation (R), and in the conservation systems was the forest (B). Within the different agroforestry systems, the one with the most significant sustainability was silvopastoral (SSP). Regarding the indicators, the economic components were the main ones, followed by the environmental ones. The Centro Chambira (SSP) farm had the most significant economic, social, and ecological sustainability. The intensity of the leaf spots was higher in the palmetto monoculture
Agroforestry systems (AFS) have different plant components such as forest species, forages, and crops. AFSs is one of the most appropriate alternatives to recover degraded soils in the Amazon. They were investigated in Yurimaguas (Alto Amazonas, Loreto) by INIA and ICRAF (Alegre 2015) in the last 30 years. The socio-economic and environmental sustainability of the agroforestry systems in Yurimaguas, Loreto, Peru, were evaluated through the characterization of the AFS; and their impact on sustainability. This research was developed in 11 villages in the Yurimaguas district, with a non-probabilistic sample of 18 farmers, who were interviewed using a questionnaire organized into 13 sections with 147 variables. Statistical analysis consisted in numerical data summary (NDS), exploratory data analysis (EDA) and multivariate techniques such as factor analysis, hierarchical analysis, and principal component analysis. In the phytopathological part, leaf spots (LS) were analyzed. Different isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly. The incidence of LS was also determined in 2018 and 2019. The main results describe a complex strategy for the conformation of the AFS, based on the implementation and conservation of the forest. According to the statistical tests KMO and Bartlet sphericity, the factor analysis was satisfactory. It was possible to explain 64.43% of the variance with three dimensions, identifying the farmers according to social, economic, and environmental sustainability indices. It was concluded that the farmers' preferences in the implementation systems were AFS and reforestation (R), and in the conservation systems was the forest (B). Within the different agroforestry systems, the one with the most significant sustainability was silvopastoral (SSP). Regarding the indicators, the economic components were the main ones, followed by the environmental ones. The Centro Chambira (SSP) farm had the most significant economic, social, and ecological sustainability. The intensity of the leaf spots was higher in the palmetto monoculture
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4925
Note: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable
Discipline: Agricultura Sustentable
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado
Grade or title: Doctoris Philosophiae - Agricultura Sustentable
Juror: Jiménez Dávalos, Jorge Eduardo; Loli Figueroa, Oscar Oswaldo; Cuellar Bautista, José Eloy; Anculle Arenas, Lázaro Alberto
Register date: 20-Sep-2021
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License