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Guerrero, J., (2019). Determinación de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico por el método del formaldehído [Tesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4116
Guerrero, J., Determinación de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico por el método del formaldehído [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4116
@mastersthesis{renati/248404,
title = "Determinación de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico por el método del formaldehído",
author = "Guerrero Lázaro, Juan Miguel",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2019"
}
Title: Determinación de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico por el método del formaldehído
Authors(s): Guerrero Lázaro, Juan Miguel
Advisor(s): Bazán Tapia, Luis Rubén
Keywords: Suelos agrícolas; Capacidad de cambio catiónico; Fertilidad del suelo; Métodos de aplicación; Acetatos (sales); Amonio; Destilación; Formaldehido; Costos; Evaluación; Perú; Capacidad intercambio catiónico
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.04
Issue Date: 2019
Institution: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Abstract: La saturación con amonio y posterior desplazamiento con KCl, es uno de los métodos más empleados para la determinación de la Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico (CIC) de los suelos. El amonio desplazado es tradicionalmente capturado por destilación de Kjeldahl en una solución ácida y posteriormente titulado con una solución básica. Sin embargo, este procedimiento demanda mucho tiempo y reduce el número de muestras que pueden ser determinadas rutinariamente en los laboratorios. Un método alternativo para la determinación de la CIC es propuesto y evaluado. En este método se emplea formaldehído (CH2O) para neutralizar el amonio resultante luego de tratar el suelo con una solución de CH3COONH4 N y de desplazarlo con KCl. La neutralización se realiza empleando 2 mL de una solución de formaldehido al 37 % agregado en una alícuota del extracto amónico anterior utilizando al indicador fenolftaleína para verificar el punto final de la neutralización al titular con una solución 0.02 N de NaOH. La operación antes mencionada no debe exceder de los diez minutos. Se realizó un ensayo para comparar los métodos del destilado y el tratamiento con formaldehído empleando ciento sesenta muestras de suelos de diferentes características físicas y químicas procedentes de diferentes calicatas, los cuales también estaban agrupados según la clasificación taxonómica de suelos en: Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Andisols, Mollisols y suelos de material orgánico. Se realizaron diez repeticiones por cada suelo. Los promedios de ambos métodos fueron comparados mediante la prueba t de Student, con un nivel de confianza de 95 %. Los promedios de ambos métodos mostraron ligeras diferencias estadísticas en la CIC en sesenta y ocho muestras analizadas y fueron semejantes en noventa y dos muestras. Además, se realizó la correlación lineal entre ambos métodos, encontrándose un coeficiente de regresión lineal (R2) igual a 0.9974. La titulación del amonio con formaldehído demostró ser un método rápido, económico y proveer suficiente confiabilidad en los resultados.
Saturation with ammonium and subsequent displacement with KCl, is one of the most used methods for the determination of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soils. Displaced ammonium is traditionally captured by distillation of Kjeldahl in an acid solution and subsequently titrated with a basic solution. However, this procedure takes a long time and reduces the number of samples that can be routinely determined in laboratories. An alternative method for determining the CEC is proposed and evaluated. In this method, formaldehyde (CH2O) is used to neutralize the resulting ammonium after treating the soil with a solution of CH3COONH4 N and displacing it with KCl. The neutralization is performed using 2 mL of a 37% formaldehyde solution added in an aliquot of the above ammonium extract using the phenolphthalein indicator to verify the end point of neutralization when titrate it with a 0.02 N NaOH solution. The aforementioned operation must not exceed ten minutes. To compare the methods of distillate and formaldehyde treatment using one hundred and sixty soil samples of different physical and chemical characteristics from different profile pits, which were also grouped according to the taxonomic classification of soils in: Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols , Andisols, Mollisols and soils of organic material a test was carried out. Ten repetitions for each soil sample were performed. The averages of both methods by Student's t-test, with a 95% confidence level were compared. The averages of both methods showed slight statistical differences in CEC in sixty-eight samples analyzed and were similar in ninety-two samples. In addition, the linear correlation between both methods, finding a linear regression coefficient (R2) equal to 0.9974 was performed. Titration of ammonium with formaldehyde proved to be a fast and economical method and provide sufficient reliability in the results.
Saturation with ammonium and subsequent displacement with KCl, is one of the most used methods for the determination of Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soils. Displaced ammonium is traditionally captured by distillation of Kjeldahl in an acid solution and subsequently titrated with a basic solution. However, this procedure takes a long time and reduces the number of samples that can be routinely determined in laboratories. An alternative method for determining the CEC is proposed and evaluated. In this method, formaldehyde (CH2O) is used to neutralize the resulting ammonium after treating the soil with a solution of CH3COONH4 N and displacing it with KCl. The neutralization is performed using 2 mL of a 37% formaldehyde solution added in an aliquot of the above ammonium extract using the phenolphthalein indicator to verify the end point of neutralization when titrate it with a 0.02 N NaOH solution. The aforementioned operation must not exceed ten minutes. To compare the methods of distillate and formaldehyde treatment using one hundred and sixty soil samples of different physical and chemical characteristics from different profile pits, which were also grouped according to the taxonomic classification of soils in: Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols , Andisols, Mollisols and soils of organic material a test was carried out. Ten repetitions for each soil sample were performed. The averages of both methods by Student's t-test, with a 95% confidence level were compared. The averages of both methods showed slight statistical differences in CEC in sixty-eight samples analyzed and were similar in ninety-two samples. In addition, the linear correlation between both methods, finding a linear regression coefficient (R2) equal to 0.9974 was performed. Titration of ammonium with formaldehyde proved to be a fast and economical method and provide sufficient reliability in the results.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4116
Note: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Maestría en Suelos
Discipline: Suelos
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado
Grade or title: Magister Scientiae - Suelos
Register date: 26-Sep-2019
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License