Adaptación y rendimiento de 20 clones de camote Ipomoea batatas L., doble propósito en el ecosistema de bosque seco, Piura

Abstract

Se evaluó la adaptación y rendimiento de 20 clones de camote en diseño BCR/3r donde las UE se dividieron en franjas (A) y (B), en follaje y raíces. En (A) se hizo dos cortes de follaje A1 y A2 (75 y 150 días) y en (B) un corte (150 días) junto a la cosecha de raíces. El prendimiento fue 27,5 esquejes estadísticamente similares, las plantas mostraron Regular a Buen Vigor-Uniformidad-Cobertura, y nula a media floración. Los rendimientos de follaje en (A) fluctúan de 93,09 a 41,36 t/ha, destaca DLP-90052 y en (B) de 49,44 a 16,97 t/ha, sobresale DLP-2462. El promedio en (A) es 59,21 t/ha y 30,08 t/ha en (B). Los rendimientos de raíces en (A) varían de 7,30 a 0,00 t/ha, y en (B) de 18,43 a 0,00 t/ha, en ambas destaca Toquecita con la máxima producción, ocho clones no producen raíces reservantes (0,00 t/ha). El promedio de raíces en (A) es 0,94 y 2,20 t/ha en (B), con altas diferencias estadísticas. El mayor rendimiento de follaje (+97%) reduce a 43% el rendimiento de raíces. Las raíces comerciales representan al 65 % y 76 % del total en (A) y (B). Los rendimientos de MS foliar varia de 9,39 a 3,33 t/ha, destaca DLP-2462 y la MS en raíces varia de 4,36 a 0,00 t/ha; destaca Toquecita como el mayor contenido. El contenido de proteína foliar fluctúa de 7,34 a 2,86 t/ha, destacan Helena y DLP-2462 con 7,34 y 6,56 t/ha. La proteína en raíces de Toquecita y Solapa (t) es 1,26 y 0,09 t/ha. La relación Raíz/Follaje (R/F), demuestra que Toquecita tiene aptitud doble propósito y los 20 clones restantes son forrajeras. Nueva tecnología generada de camote doble propósito logra rendimientos de 15 y 16 t/ha de forraje y raíces, R: B/C 1,57 y utilidad S/. 4,083/ha.

Adaptation and leaf and root yield of 20 sweet potato clones was evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replicates. The experimental units were divided in two blocks (A) and (B). In (A), two leaf cuts were made, 75 and 150 days after planting. In (B), one leaf cut was made at the time of root harvest, 150 days after planting. A total of 27.5 statistically similar vegetative cuttings. Plants showed regular to good vigour-uniformity-cover and nil to medium flowering. Leaf yields in (A) oscillated between 41.36 to 933.09 t/ha and DLP-90052 was the best clon. In (B), yields oscillated between 16.97 and 49.44 t/ha and DLP-2462 was the best clon. The average yield in (A) was 59.21 t/ha and 30.08 t/ha in (B). Root yield in (A) varied betwen 0 and 7.3 t/ha and in (B), root yield varied between 0 and 18.43 t/ha. In both blocks, máximum yield was obtained with Toquecita. Eight clones did not produce roots. Average root yield in (A) was 0.94 t/ha and 2.20 t/ha in (B). In both cases, highly significant differences were found. The highest leaf yield (+97%) reduced root yield to 43%. Commercial roots were equivalent to 65 to 76% of total root yield in (A) and (B), respectively. Leaf dry matter yields varied between 3.33 to 9.39 t/ha and DLP-2462 was the best clon. Root dry matter yields varied between o and 4.36 t/ha. Toquecita was the best clon. Leaf protein varied between 2.86 to 7.34 t/ha. The best clones were Helena and DLP-2462 with 7.34 and 6.56 t/ha, respectively. Root protein in Toquecita and Solapa (check) was 1.26 and 0.09 t/ha, respectively. An analysis of root/leaf relation showed that Toquecita can be considered for leaf and root production. All the other clones were only for leaf production. With new technology, Toquecita can produce 15 and 16 t/ha of leaf and roots, respectively. R:B/C 1.57 and S/. 4083/ha.