Bibliographic citations
Martínez, M., (2024). Obtención de almidones modificados, a partir de papas nativas, y su aplicación para la microencapsulación de un extracto vegetal [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/6376
Martínez, M., Obtención de almidones modificados, a partir de papas nativas, y su aplicación para la microencapsulación de un extracto vegetal []. PE: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/6376
@phdthesis{renati/246187,
title = "Obtención de almidones modificados, a partir de papas nativas, y su aplicación para la microencapsulación de un extracto vegetal",
author = "Martínez Tapia, Mirtha Patricia",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2024"
}
The morphological and structural characteristics of starches isolated from three Andean native potato cultivars were studied: Imilla blanca (IB), Imilla negra (IN) y Loc’ka (LK). These starches were modified by esterification with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and citric acid (CA). The esterified starches with OSA were modified according to the conventional method (OSA starches) and with ultrasound as pretreatment (US-OSA starches). LK starch was esterified with CA (LKC) due to its uniform particle size and minor viscosity, and the esterification parameters were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The EPSC was extracted with hot water from avocado seeds flour, and the extract was vacuum concentrated. The OSA, US-OSA, and LKC starches were characterized and used as wall materials obtaining ESPC microparticles using spray drying technique. The microparticles produced with the esterified starches were evaluated as wall materials using optical microscopy, and the LKC starch was chosen to produce ESPC microparticles. The behavior of LKC starch was compared with maltodextrin (MD) and a mixture of both; thus, the microparticles MD, MD-LKC, and LKC were produced and characterized by means of encapsulation efficiency, yield, water activity, moisture content, hygroscopicity, size and color parameters. IB, IN, and LK starches showed type B crystallinity, IN starch showed the highest peak viscosity during pasting. LK starch showed the lowest span and the highest percentage of B1 amylopectin chains (13 to 24 glucose units). The infrared spectrum of OSA and US-OSA starches showed two new peaks at 1572 and 1724 cm−1 due to the incorporated OS groups; however, there was no evidence of a significant change in their crystallinity. The laser diffraction analysis showed the agglomeration of OSA starch granules; while, US-OSA starch granules were more dispersed due to the ultrasound pretreatment. The optimal parameters for esterification of LK starch with CA were CA solution 12.34% and reaction time 16 h; with these parameters the optimum esterified starch (LKC) was synthetized and showed lower viscosity (2.42 mPas) y higher solubility (5.53%) than its native counterpart (LK). The OSA and US-OSA starches did not show suitable characteristics for encapsulating the EPSC using spray drying, due to starch granules were observed in the micrographs. LKC starch was used as wall material for microencapsulation of EPSC with the following conditions: air drying temperature 150 °C, feed flow 9 mL/min, and air volume flow 35 m3/h. The feed solution for microencapsulation (ESPC and wall material) had 21% total solids. The microparticles produced with LKC were formed with small starch particles and low water activity and hygroscopicity. However, the encapsulation efficiency and yield were lower than those of microparticles produced with MD.
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