Bibliographic citations
Arroyo, J., (2022). Los líquenes como bioindicadores de presencia de metales pesados en ecosistemas de montaña: experiencia en la Cordillera Blanca, Ancash-Perú [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/5249
Arroyo, J., Los líquenes como bioindicadores de presencia de metales pesados en ecosistemas de montaña: experiencia en la Cordillera Blanca, Ancash-Perú []. PE: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/5249
@misc{renati/245538,
title = "Los líquenes como bioindicadores de presencia de metales pesados en ecosistemas de montaña: experiencia en la Cordillera Blanca, Ancash-Perú",
author = "Arroyo Sánchez, José Antonio",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2022"
}
Lichens are mostly considered as accumulators of a variety of pollutants such as heavy metals, so they are used to determine the level of these elements in the environment in a specific area. The objective of this study was to evaluate lichens as bioindicators for the presence of ten heavy metals in the highlands of two Cordillera Blanca main basins: LlullánParón (02 sites near to the Parón Lake) and Yanayacu (01 site near to the Querococha Lake). As a first approximation, the differences between the study sites lichen communities were evaluated in order to determine whether they respond to possible effects of metal toxicity in the environment or to purely natural conditions, although finally the latter was inferred. Then, 03 species, of the 33 species of lichens identified, were selected for the bioaccumulation assessment: two species of the genus Usnea, one saxicolous (growing on rock surface) and the other corticolous (growing on tree bark), and the foliose lichen specie Sticta weigelii. The metals concentration values, obtained by ICP-MS, were evaluated with an ANOVA for two factors: “study site” and “species type”. As a result, the manganese values were significantly higher in Parón’s sites, while arsenic values, in Querococha’s sites. At the species level, a higher As bioaccumulation was recorded in the Sticta weigelii species than the species of the genus Usnea. The correlation and principal component analysis showed a strong relationship of most metals with the lithophilic Al and Fe elements indicating that the bioaccumulation mechanism was mainly through “Particulate entrapment” uptake. Finally, the contribution of metals from the soil to the lichens was evaluated by comparing the element ranks in lichens and soils, and the analysis of Enrichment Factors for each element, resulting in an evident contribution of the soils on the elemental composition of the lichens. However, for some elements such as Cr, As, Pb and Zn, part of the contribution would come from an atmospheric transport of particles associated to anthropic activities in both study sites
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