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Sanjinez, F., (2019). Sustentabilidad del agroecosistema del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en Tumbes, Perú [Tesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4083
Sanjinez, F., Sustentabilidad del agroecosistema del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en Tumbes, Perú [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4083
@phdthesis{renati/244833,
title = "Sustentabilidad del agroecosistema del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en Tumbes, Perú",
author = "Sanjinez Salazar, Faustino",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2019"
}
Title: Sustentabilidad del agroecosistema del cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) en Tumbes, Perú
Authors(s): Sanjinez Salazar, Faustino
Advisor(s): Julca Otiniano, Alberto Marcial
Keywords: Oryza sativa L.; Manejo del cultivo; Sostenibilidad; Fenología; Explotaciones en pequeña escala; Sistemas de explotación; Factores ambientales; Entorno socioeconómico; Agricultura de bajo insumo; Análisis económico; Evaluación; Perú; Agroecología; Sustentabilidad; Arroz Nir-1; San Pedro de los Incas; Corrales (dist); Tumbes (prov); Tumbes (dpto)
OCDE field: https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#4.01.01
Issue Date: 2019
Institution: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina
Abstract: El presente trabajo se realizó en la localidad de San Pedro de los Incas, provincia y departamento de Tumbes (Perú), con los siguientes objetivos: (a) caracterizar agroecológicamente el cultivo de arroz, (b) caracterizar las parcelas productoras de arroz y (c) evaluar la sustentabilidad del cultivo de arroz. Para el primer objetivo, se determinaron las características del suelo, agua de riego, clima y las características fenotípicas del cultivo. Para la caracterización de las parcelas, el área de estudio se dividió en tres zonas (SA1, SA2, SA3), considerando su cercanía al río Tumbes, y se tomó una muestra (n=98) del total de parcelas, a las que se aplicó una encuesta de 50 preguntas. Para evaluar la sustentabilidad de las parcelas, se usó el “análisis multicriterio” y se aplicó una encuesta también a las 98 parcelas. Los resultados, de la caracterización agroecológica del arroz, mostraron que el clima fue similar en los tres sistemas de producción estudiados. El suelo tuvo características similares en los tres sistemas, con excepción de la textura que fue diferente en el Sistema Agrícola 3 (SA3 = franco arenoso), mientras que en los otros fueron franco arcilloso. La variedad IR-43, presentó diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los diferentes sistemas para las variables días a la floración, número de macollos/mata, longitud de panícula, número de panículas y rendimiento. En relación a las características de las parcelas de arroz, entre los resultados más importantes, se encontró que la mayor parte de productores son propietarios de sus parcelas, siembran entre 0.5 a 5 hectáreas y el rendimiento de arroz grano, está entre 5 - 8 t/ha, y todos hacen agricultura convencional. El análisis de conglomerado, clasifica a las parcelas en 6 grupos. Los productores del grupo 1 comparten el mayor número de variables, tales como la propiedad de la parcela, utilización de abonos químicos, quema de residuos de maleza y de cosecha, utilización de agroquímicos, entre otros. Finalmente, con respecto a la sustentabilidad, la mayoría de parcelas de arroz, en los tres sistemas de producción, presentan valores mayores a 2 para los indicadores económicos (IK) y sociocultural (ISC), pero el indicador ecológico (IE) es casi siempre menor a 2. Por tal razón, la mayoría de parcelas productoras de arroz, no fueron sustentables.
The present work was carried out in the town of San Pedro de los Incas, province and department of Tumbes (Peru), with the following objectives (a) Agroecologically characterization of the rice crop, (b) characterize the rice producing plots and (c) evaluate the sustainability of the rice crop. For the first objective, the characteristics of the soil, irrigation water, climate and the phenotypic characteristics of the crop were determined. For the characterization of the plots, the study area was divided into three zones (SA1, SA2, SA3), considering its proximity to the Tumbes river, and a sample (n = 98) was taken from all the plots to which it was applied a survey of 50 questions. To evaluate the sustainability of the plots, the "multicriteria analysis" was used and a survey was applied to the 98 plots. The results of the agroecological characterization of rice showed that the climate was similar in the three production systems studied. The soil had similar characteristics in the three systems, with the exception of the texture that was different in Agricultural System 3 (SA3 = sandy loam), while in the others they were loamy clay. The IR-43 variety showed significant statistical differences between the different systems for the variables days to flowering, number of tillers / plant, panicle length, number of panicles and yield. Regarding the characteristics of the rice plots, among the most important results, it was found that the majority of producers own their plots, sow between 0.5 and 5 hectares, the yield of grain rice is between 5 and 8. t/ha, and all do conventional agriculture. The conglomerate analysis classifies the plots into 6 groups. The producers of group 1 share the greatest number of variables, such as ownership of the plot, use of chemical fertilizers, burning of weeds and harvest residues, use of agrochemicals, among others. Finally, with respect to sustainability, the majority of rice plots, in the three production systems, present values greater than 2 for the economic (IK) and sociocultural (ISC) indicators; but the ecological indicator (EI) is almost always less than 2. For this reason, the majority of rice producing plots were not sustainable.
The present work was carried out in the town of San Pedro de los Incas, province and department of Tumbes (Peru), with the following objectives (a) Agroecologically characterization of the rice crop, (b) characterize the rice producing plots and (c) evaluate the sustainability of the rice crop. For the first objective, the characteristics of the soil, irrigation water, climate and the phenotypic characteristics of the crop were determined. For the characterization of the plots, the study area was divided into three zones (SA1, SA2, SA3), considering its proximity to the Tumbes river, and a sample (n = 98) was taken from all the plots to which it was applied a survey of 50 questions. To evaluate the sustainability of the plots, the "multicriteria analysis" was used and a survey was applied to the 98 plots. The results of the agroecological characterization of rice showed that the climate was similar in the three production systems studied. The soil had similar characteristics in the three systems, with the exception of the texture that was different in Agricultural System 3 (SA3 = sandy loam), while in the others they were loamy clay. The IR-43 variety showed significant statistical differences between the different systems for the variables days to flowering, number of tillers / plant, panicle length, number of panicles and yield. Regarding the characteristics of the rice plots, among the most important results, it was found that the majority of producers own their plots, sow between 0.5 and 5 hectares, the yield of grain rice is between 5 and 8. t/ha, and all do conventional agriculture. The conglomerate analysis classifies the plots into 6 groups. The producers of group 1 share the greatest number of variables, such as ownership of the plot, use of chemical fertilizers, burning of weeds and harvest residues, use of agrochemicals, among others. Finally, with respect to sustainability, the majority of rice plots, in the three production systems, present values greater than 2 for the economic (IK) and sociocultural (ISC) indicators; but the ecological indicator (EI) is almost always less than 2. For this reason, the majority of rice producing plots were not sustainable.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/4083
Note: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado. Doctorado en Agricultura Sustentable
Discipline: Agricultura Sustentable
Grade or title grantor: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Escuela de Posgrado
Grade or title: Doctoris Philosophiae - Agricultura Sustentable
Juror: Helfgott Lerner, Salomón; Alegre Orihuela, Julio César; Loli Figueroa, Oscar Oswaldo; Contreras Liza, Sergio Eduardo
Register date: 2-Sep-2019
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License