Bibliographic citations
Puga, B., (2022). Presencia de aflatoxina M1, Zearalenona y sus factores de riesgo en leche de vaca en diferentes provincias de Ecuador [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/5322
Puga, B., Presencia de aflatoxina M1, Zearalenona y sus factores de riesgo en leche de vaca en diferentes provincias de Ecuador []. PE: Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/5322
@phdthesis{renati/244053,
title = "Presencia de aflatoxina M1, Zearalenona y sus factores de riesgo en leche de vaca en diferentes provincias de Ecuador",
author = "Puga Torres, Byron Humberto",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2022"
}
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a carcinogen and hepatoxic mycotoxin, whereas Zearalenone (ZEA) is an endocrine disruptor due to its capacity to adopt a similar configuration to 17-betaestradiol. The objective of the research was to determine the presence of these mycotoxins, and their risk factors, in raw milk in North-center Ecuador. 209 samples were collected during the dry season (June and August) and rainy season (April and November) in 2019. The concentrations of AFM1 were measured through immunochromatographic lateral flow assays, while ZEA through ELISA. 100 percent of the samples contained AFM1, with a median of 0.0774 μg/kg (0.023 – 0.751 μg/kg), exceeding the European regulatory limit (0.05 μg/kg) in 59.3 percent (124/209) of the samples. While 1.9 percent (4/209) exceeded the Ecuadorian legal limit (0.5 μg/kg). ZEA was found in 99.5 percent of the samples (208/209), with a median of 1.5 μg/kg (0 – 10.2 μg/kg), in levels far below the maximum limits allowed by international legislation (30 to 1000 μg/kg). Non-parametric tests were used, where the results of ZEA did not vary significantly (p0.05) by cantons, provinces, climate, climatic region, types of producers, production systems. For AFM1, there were significant differences (p≤0.05) within provinces (highest in Manabí), months of study (June), climatic season (dry season) and climatic region (coastal region). In order to determine risk factors regarding the appearance of AFM1 in milk, an adjustment was made through the weighted least squares model, it was found that the consumption of legumes, use of ensilage, intensive production system and the major producers presented higher levels of AFM1. Although the contamination by ZEA and AFM1 in raw milk does not exceed the limits allowed by Ecuadorian legislation, but due to their presence, a continuous vigilance program for these mycotoxins should be developed.
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