Citas bibligráficas
Santistevan, M., (2016). Sustentabilidad del cultivo del limón (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) S.) en la provincia Santa Elena, Ecuador [Tesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/2740
Santistevan, M., Sustentabilidad del cultivo del limón (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) S.) en la provincia Santa Elena, Ecuador [Tesis]. : Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina; 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12996/2740
@phdthesis{renati/242015,
title = "Sustentabilidad del cultivo del limón (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) S.) en la provincia Santa Elena, Ecuador",
author = "Santistevan Mendez, Mercedes Solanda",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina",
year = "2016"
}
The research was carried out in two parishes, Manglaralto and Colonche of the province of Santa Elena, Ecuador, in order to characterize, analyze the sustainability and development of experiences for technological improvement of the lemon farms. The work was developed with a group of community members from the two towns, with a population of 400 producers from which a sample was taken. A survey with components of technical and socio-economic of the farm was made. The characterization results indicate that lemon farms are very complex, and that the families have a high dependence on this crop: A representative group of farmers have other types of farming within the same farm, which allow to exist an additional income for the family. On the other hand, it was found that a group has monocultures making more vulnerable the economic stability that it only depends on the incomes from the sale of lemon, the same one that has significant price variations during the year. It was found that there is a significant deficit in the marketing channels in the area of study. The cluster analysis by Ward method with a Euclidean Squared distance of 900 joined the farms into four groups. One of the groups was conformed by farms number: 40, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 65, 70, 77, and 82. The sustainability assessment of the 4 groups was performed, using it indicators and sub- indicators that allowed detecting trends at the system level. For the use of indicators we took into account the economic, ecological and socio-cultural aspects. The indicators were standardized and weighted according to their importance, taking into account the approach of the producers. The study of the farms allows to obtain clear evidence of sustainability trends in a general form, because each group has its own characteristics and present a great interdependence between the three dimensions of sustainability. The information was obtained through a survey with questions related to the three dimensions of sustainability, following the methodology of the “multi-criteria analysis“ that calculates the Economic Indicator (IK), Ecological Indicator (EI) and the sociocultural indicator (SCI) of each farm. With these data the General Sustainability Indicator (Gen SI) was estimated. The 22.1% of the farms had an IK> 2; 61.4% EI> 2 and 54.4% an SCI> 2. But the 77.1% had a Gen SI <2, which means that most farms were unsustainable. The use of indicators served to identify critical points in the system at the time of assessment of the sustainability. The analysis allowed establishing the causes of the critical points and proposing suitable solutions. The most notorious problems were lack of proper fertilization and the knowledge of the characteristics of lemon. For this purpose the following studies were performed: Evaluation of the productivity and quality of lemon in two agro-ecological zones; Evaluation of the productivity and quality of lemon in farm types and evaluation of the effect of fertilization in the two areas, with the highest number of cultivated areas of this citrus fruit. An additional research was conducted with the aim of knowing the behavior of the cultivation of lemon (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle) at two locations of the Province of Santa Elena, Ecuador. Two plantations of eight years old were selected in Manglaralto and Colonche. At each site 50 plants were marked, to make the assessments. The trial was not an experimental design, but the statistical analysis became like a completely randomized block design (CRBD), considering each town as a treatment and every plant as a replicate. It was found that the highest incidence of pests and diseases occurred in Manglaralto. The larger diameter of the fruit corresponded to Colonche, with a statistically significant difference in comparison whit Manglaralto. The greatest fruit weight and the highest performance, corresponded to Colonche; however the differences were not statistically significant with respect to Manglaralto. According to the results obtained with the dendrogram, four groups of farms were obtained. One farm of each group was selected, in order to know the behavior of the cultivation of lemon (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle) in “farms type “of the Province of Santa Elena, Ecuador. Four “farms types“ of eight years old were selected. On each farm 50 plants were labeled, in which ones the assessments were made. The trial was not an experimental design, but the statistical analysis became like a completely randomized design (CRD), considering each property as a treatment and every plant as a replicate. It was found that the highest incidence of aphid corresponded to the type I, statistically different from the farm IV, but similar to farms II and III. The highest incidence of white fly (Alerothricus floccosus Mask) corresponded to the farm type I, statistically different to the farms III and IV. The highest incidence of sooty mould (Capnodium citri Berk. & Desm), corresponded to the farm type I, but statistically similar to other farms. The larger diameter and fruit weight, corresponded to the farm III, statistically higher to farms I and II, but similar to the farm IV. Another study was the use of fertilizers, for which two plantations of six years old were selected in Manglaralto and Colonche. In each town one trial with a completely randomized block design (CRBD) was performed with 4 fertilization treatments plus a control with three replicates. It was found that the highest incidence of pests corresponded to the area of Manglaralto. It was determined that the best result was obtained by the treatment five where the greatest diameter of the fruit, fruit weight and higher performance, corresponded to Colonche with a statistically significant difference from Manglaralto.
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