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Sotelo, E., (2021). Solución exacta para un modelo simplificado de un sistema cuántico abierto [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19564
Sotelo, E., Solución exacta para un modelo simplificado de un sistema cuántico abierto []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19564
@mastersthesis{renati/24162,
title = "Solución exacta para un modelo simplificado de un sistema cuántico abierto",
author = "Sotelo Bazan, Eduardo Franco",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2021"
}
Title: Solución exacta para un modelo simplificado de un sistema cuántico abierto
Authors(s): Sotelo Bazan, Eduardo Franco
Advisor(s): Castillo Egoavil, Hernán Alfredo
Keywords: Osciladores armónicos; Mecánica cuántica
OCDE field: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.03.00
Issue Date: 25-Jun-2021
Institution: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract: En este trabajo se desarrolló un modelo simplificado de un oscilador inicialmente excitado como un sistema cuántico interactuando con un gran número de osciladores como un reservorio. Todos estos osciladores están en su estado fundamental y sin acoplamientos entre sí, en el límite de acoplamiento débil entre el sistema y el reservorio. Este sistema podría ser un oscilador excitado en una micro cavidad que interactúa con el vacío del campo electromagnético a temperatura cero. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es obtener la solución exacta para la matriz de densidad del sistema en estas condiciones.
El planteamiento general consiste en calcular la evolución de todos los osciladores como una única entidad aislada mediante el operador 𝑒−𝑖𝐻𝑡, donde 𝐻 es el hamiltoniano total. Partiendo de un estado inicial total factorizable entre el sistema y el reservorio, la evolución es unitaria y se toma la traza parcial en los grados de libertad del entorno para obtener la matriz de densidad del sistema en cualquier instante del tiempo; este procedimiento requiere diagonalizar1 𝐻.
Se desarrollan técnicas generales que pueden ser extendidas a versiones más elaboradas del modelo, se inicia con la descomposición del espacio de Hilbert total ℋ=ℋ0⊗ℋ1⊗⋯ℋ𝑁 , que es el producto tensorial de los subespacios de Hilbert de cada oscilador ℋ𝑖, en subespacios ℋ(Σ) llamados subespacio de número de excitación definido, que corresponde al conjunto de todos los estados |𝑛 ⟩∈ℋ que tienen el mismo número de excitación colectiva Σ; cumpliéndose: ℋ=ℋ(0)⊕ℋ(1)⊕ℋ(2)⋯⊕ℋ(𝑁+1), donde 𝑁 es el número de osciladores del entorno. Se introducen diagramas compuestos de nodos y flechas para representar la acción del hamiltoniano en cada subespacio ℋ(Σ). Se plantea una notación para trabajar en estos subespacios y calcular la sumatoria asociada a la traza parcial.
Los resultados son evaluados para un reservorio de 𝑁=1000 osciladores, valores particulares de la fuerza de acoplamiento y orden óhmico de la densidad espectral, contrastados con la correspondiente solución markoviana, descrita en la sección [2.3.1].
A simplified model of an initially excited oscillator as a quantum system interacting with a large number of oscillators acting as a reservoir has been developed in this work. All these oscillators are in their ground state uncoupled each other and at the limit of the weak coupling between the system and the reservoir. This system could be an oscillator excited in a microcavity that interacts with the vacuum’s electromagnetic field at zero temperature. This work’s primary goal is to obtain the system’s density matrix’s exact solution in these conditions. The general approach calculates all oscillators’ evolution as a single isolated entity using the operator 𝑒−𝑖𝐻𝑡, when 𝐻 is the total hamiltonian. Starting from a total initial state that can be factored between the system and the reservoir, the evolution is unitary, and the partial trace is taken in all the degrees of freedom of the environment to obtain the density matrix of the system at any instant of time; this procedure requires diagonalizing2 𝐻. General techniques are developed and would be extended to more elaborate versions of the model, starting with the decomposition of the total Hilbert space ℋ=ℋ0⊗ℋ1⊗⋯ℋ𝑁 , which is the tensor product of the Hilbert subspaces of each oscillator ℋ𝑖, into subspaces ℋ(Σ) called a subspace of defined excitation number, which corresponds to the set of all states |𝑛⟩∈ℋ that have the same collective excitation number Σ; being fulfilling: ℋ=ℋ(0)⊕ℋ(1)⊕ℋ(2)⋯⊕ℋ(𝑁+1), 𝑁 is the environment’s oscillators number. Diagrams composed of nodes and arrows are introduced to represent the Hamiltonian’s action in each subspace ℋ(Σ). A notation is also proposed to work on these subspaces and calculate the sum associated with the partial trace. The results are evaluated for a reservoir of 𝑁=1000 oscillators, particular values of the coupling force, and ohmic order of the spectral density, contrasted with the corresponding Markovian solution described in section [2.3.1].
A simplified model of an initially excited oscillator as a quantum system interacting with a large number of oscillators acting as a reservoir has been developed in this work. All these oscillators are in their ground state uncoupled each other and at the limit of the weak coupling between the system and the reservoir. This system could be an oscillator excited in a microcavity that interacts with the vacuum’s electromagnetic field at zero temperature. This work’s primary goal is to obtain the system’s density matrix’s exact solution in these conditions. The general approach calculates all oscillators’ evolution as a single isolated entity using the operator 𝑒−𝑖𝐻𝑡, when 𝐻 is the total hamiltonian. Starting from a total initial state that can be factored between the system and the reservoir, the evolution is unitary, and the partial trace is taken in all the degrees of freedom of the environment to obtain the density matrix of the system at any instant of time; this procedure requires diagonalizing2 𝐻. General techniques are developed and would be extended to more elaborate versions of the model, starting with the decomposition of the total Hilbert space ℋ=ℋ0⊗ℋ1⊗⋯ℋ𝑁 , which is the tensor product of the Hilbert subspaces of each oscillator ℋ𝑖, into subspaces ℋ(Σ) called a subspace of defined excitation number, which corresponds to the set of all states |𝑛⟩∈ℋ that have the same collective excitation number Σ; being fulfilling: ℋ=ℋ(0)⊕ℋ(1)⊕ℋ(2)⋯⊕ℋ(𝑁+1), 𝑁 is the environment’s oscillators number. Diagrams composed of nodes and arrows are introduced to represent the Hamiltonian’s action in each subspace ℋ(Σ). A notation is also proposed to work on these subspaces and calculate the sum associated with the partial trace. The results are evaluated for a reservoir of 𝑁=1000 oscillators, particular values of the coupling force, and ohmic order of the spectral density, contrasted with the corresponding Markovian solution described in section [2.3.1].
Link to repository: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19564
Discipline: Física
Grade or title grantor: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Escuela de Posgrado.
Grade or title: Maestro en Física
Juror: De Zela Martinez, Francisco Antonio; Castillo Egoavil, Hernan Alfredo; Massoni Kamimoto, Eduardo Ruben
Register date: 25-Jun-2021
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License