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Serván, N., (2022). Una receta para evitar el fracaso de otra reforma del sistema de justicia [Universidad del Pacífico]. https://hdl.handle.net/11354/3497
Serván, N., Una receta para evitar el fracaso de otra reforma del sistema de justicia []. PE: Universidad del Pacífico; 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11354/3497
@misc{renati/239627,
title = "Una receta para evitar el fracaso de otra reforma del sistema de justicia",
author = "Serván Eyzaguirre, Nicolás Jorge",
publisher = "Universidad del Pacífico",
year = "2022"
}
Title: Una receta para evitar el fracaso de otra reforma del sistema de justicia
Authors(s): Serván Eyzaguirre, Nicolás Jorge
Advisor(s): Ezcurra Rivero, Huáscar
OCDE field: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#5.05.01
Issue Date: May-2022
Institution: Universidad del Pacífico
Abstract: El problema de la congestión de las cortes en materia civil y comercial es un asunto de larga data con una reiterada historia de fracasos en los intentos de reforma. Esta tesis sostiene que la raíz del problema radica en que el diseño del sistema de justicia no ha considerado los incentivos privados que llevan a los litigantes a iniciar un proceso civil o comercial y, además, que se trata al sistema de justicia como un servicio público de libre acceso y cuyas normas están basadas en intereses públicos. En base a ello, se analiza que el sistema de justicia produce dos bienes principales: i) la resolución de casos concretos; y, ii) la emisión de precedentes. La resolución de conflictos interesa únicamente a las partes, es decir, se trata de un bien predominantemente privado. Además, el inicio de procesos responde principalmente a incentivos privados y no públicos. Por ello, el sistema de justicia civil y comercial debe partir de ese aspecto para lograr un diseño adecuado, sin perjuicio de las externalidades positivas de la emisión de precedentes. En consecuencia, se proponen tres medidas que permitirán reducir la congestión a raíz de tener un proceso eficiente y ajustado a las necesidades de las partes: (i) las partes deben participar directamente en la selección de jueces; (ii) las partes deben ser libres de diseñar el proceso, es decir, flexibilidad procedimental; y, (iii) las partes deben asumir los costos de litigar y acceder al Poder Judicial. Finalmente, se sostiene que las medidas propuestas no afectan el derecho de acceso a la justicia, pues existen mecanismos de mercado para promover el acceso a la justicia y regímenes de subsidios en caso de necesidad. Tampoco se afectan los derechos fundamentales relacionados con el proceso, en la medida que está permitido actualmente pactar en contrario, es decir, en un arbitraje las partes eligen a sus jueces y diseñan su procedimiento.
The problem of court congestion in civil and commercial matters is a long-standing issue with a repeated history of failed attempts at reform. This thesis argues that the root of the problem lies in the fact that the design of the justice system has not considered the private incentives that lead litigants to initiate civil or commercial proceedings and, furthermore, that the justice system is treated as a public service of free access and whose rules are based on public interests. Based on this, it is analyzed that the justice system produces two main goods: i) the resolution of concrete cases; and ii) the issuance of precedents. The resolution of conflicts is of interest only to the parties, so it is a predominantly private good. Moreover, the initiation of proceedings responds mainly to private rather than public incentives. Therefore, the civil and commercial justice system must start from this aspect in order to achieve an adequate design, without prejudice to the positive externalities of the issuance of precedents. Consequently, three measures are proposed that will reduce congestion as a result of having an efficient process tailored to the needs of the parties: (i) the parties should participate directly in the selection of judges; (ii) the parties should be free to design the process, i.e., procedural flexibility; and (iii) the parties should bear the costs of litigation and access to the Judiciary. Finally, it is argued that the proposed measures do not affect the right of access to justice, since there are market mechanisms to promote access to justice and subsidy schemes in case of need. Nor are fundamental rights related to the process affected, insofar as it is currently permitted to agree otherwise, i.e., in an arbitration the parties choose their judges and design their procedure.
The problem of court congestion in civil and commercial matters is a long-standing issue with a repeated history of failed attempts at reform. This thesis argues that the root of the problem lies in the fact that the design of the justice system has not considered the private incentives that lead litigants to initiate civil or commercial proceedings and, furthermore, that the justice system is treated as a public service of free access and whose rules are based on public interests. Based on this, it is analyzed that the justice system produces two main goods: i) the resolution of concrete cases; and ii) the issuance of precedents. The resolution of conflicts is of interest only to the parties, so it is a predominantly private good. Moreover, the initiation of proceedings responds mainly to private rather than public incentives. Therefore, the civil and commercial justice system must start from this aspect in order to achieve an adequate design, without prejudice to the positive externalities of the issuance of precedents. Consequently, three measures are proposed that will reduce congestion as a result of having an efficient process tailored to the needs of the parties: (i) the parties should participate directly in the selection of judges; (ii) the parties should be free to design the process, i.e., procedural flexibility; and (iii) the parties should bear the costs of litigation and access to the Judiciary. Finally, it is argued that the proposed measures do not affect the right of access to justice, since there are market mechanisms to promote access to justice and subsidy schemes in case of need. Nor are fundamental rights related to the process affected, insofar as it is currently permitted to agree otherwise, i.e., in an arbitration the parties choose their judges and design their procedure.
Link to repository: https://hdl.handle.net/11354/3497
Discipline: Derecho
Grade or title grantor: Universidad del Pacífico. Facultad de Derecho
Grade or title: Abogado
Juror: Reggiardo Saavedra, Mario; Ezcurra Rivero, Huáscar; Cuba Copello, Yvo Camilo
Register date: 20-Jul-2022
This item is licensed under a Creative Commons License