Villalva, C., (2024). Factores determinantes de la salud asociados a dos episodios de anemia en niños menores de 36 meses [Universidad Nacional de Trujillo]. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14414/22165
Villalva, C., Factores determinantes de la salud asociados a dos episodios de anemia en niños menores de 36 meses []. PE: Universidad Nacional de Trujillo; 2024. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14414/22165
@mastersthesis{renati/1045413, title = "Factores determinantes de la salud asociados a dos episodios de anemia en niños menores de 36 meses", author = "Villalva Cuevas, Cinthia Noemí", publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Trujillo", year = "2024" }
La anemia un problema de salud pública, en la provincia Sánchez Carrión los niños menores de 3
años tiene una recidiva del 10%. Objetivo: Establecer los determinantes de salud para dos episodios
de anemia frente a uno en niños menores de 36 meses, provincia Sánchez Carrión. Materiales y
métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Se aplicó cuestionario validado con “alfa de Cronbach” y
juicio de expertos, referente a determinantes de salud: estilos de vida, medio ambiente, servicios de
salud, biología humana; participaron 189 madres de niños menores de 36 meses, 63 con anemia más
de una vez (casos) y 126 con un solo episodio (controles) de la provincia Sánchez Carrión, La
Libertad. Resultados: Determinante Estilos de Vida, inadecuado historial alimenticio 52% (p=0.000,
OR 3.52), hábitos de higiene 63% (p=0.000, OR 7.03), conductas violentas 57% (p=0.000, OR 4.09).
Medio ambiente, inadecuado calidad de agua para consumo 49% (p=0.001, OR 2.97), características
de la vivienda 52% (p=0.000, OR 3.68), hacinamiento 73% (p=0.000, OR 3.38), sociocultural 35%
(p=0.017, OR 2.28). Servicios de Salud, mala calidad de atención 51% (p=0.001, OR 2.79), no
disponibilidad de sulfato ferroso 40% (p=0.000, OR 3.95), no accesibilidad 29% (p=0.004, OR 2.96),
costes de sulfato ferroso 54% (p=0.000, OR 8.06), rechazo al sulfato ferroso 70% (p=0.004, OR 7.75),
vacunas incompletas 35%(p=0.000, OR 4.29). Biología Humana, anemia materna 76% (p=0.000,
OR 3.20), bajo peso al nacer 27%(p=0.000, OR 4.29), lactancia materna no exclusiva 54%(p=0.000,
OR 8.06), enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia 63%(p=0.004, OR 2.48). Conclusiones: La
anemia con dos episodios en niños menores de 36 meses tienen como determinantes: estilos de vida,
medio ambiente; servicios de salud y biología humana.
Anemia is a significant public health problem. Children under 3 years of age have a 10% recurrence
rate of this condition in Sánchez Carrión province, La Libertad region, Perú. Objective: To establish
the determinants of health associated with experiencing two or more episodes of anemia compared to
one episode in children under 36 months of age in the province of Sánchez Carrión from January to
December 2021. Materials and Methods: A quantitative, observational, analytical, case-control study
was conducted. A questionnaire validated by 'Cronbach's alpha' and expert judgment was used. It
consisted of 48 questions related to health determinants, such as lifestyle, diet history, environment,
health services, and human biology. A total of 189 mothers of children under 36 months of age
participated, comprising 63 cases with multiple episodes of anemia and 126 controls with a single
episode, all residing in Sánchez Carrión province. Results: Lifestyle determinants included
inadequate iron intake in 52% of the multiple cases group (p=0.000, OR 3.52), poor hygiene habits
63% (p=0.000, OR 7.03), and violent behavior 57% (p=0.000, OR 4.09). Environmental factors
included inadequate drinking water quality 49% (p=0.001, OR 2.97), poor housing conditions 52%
(p=0.000, OR 3.68), overcrowding 73% (p=0.000, OR 3.38), and sociocultural factors 35% (p=0.017,
OR 2.28). Health services determinants were poor quality of care 51% (p=0.001, OR 2.79),
unavailability of ferrous sulfate 40% (p=0.000, OR 3.95), lack of accessibility 29% (p=0.004, OR 2.96),
cost of ferrous sulfate 54% (p=0.000, OR 8.06), rejection of ferrous sulfate 70% (p=0.004, OR 7.75),
and incomplete vaccinations 35% (p=0.000, OR 4.29). Human biology factors included maternal
anemia 76% (p=0.000, OR 3.20), low birth weight 27% (p=0.000, OR 4.29), non-exclusive
breastfeeding 54% (p=0.000, OR 8.06), and prevalent childhood diseases 63% (p=0.004, OR 2.48).
Conclusions: The determinants of anemia with two or more episodes in children under 36 months of
age are associated with lifestyle factors such as inadequate diet, poor hygiene habits, and violent
behavior; environmental factors including inadequate drinking water quality, poor housing
conditions, overcrowding, and sociocultural influences; health services factors such as poor quality
of care, unavailability, cost, and rejection of ferrous sulfate, lack of accessibility to health services, and
incomplete vaccinations; and human biology factors including maternal anemia, low birth weight,
non-exclusive breastfeeding, and prevalent childhood diseases.