Citas bibligráficas
Elorrieta, A., (2023). Análisis de ciclo de vida de un tramo de la carretera Tacna - Collpa en la región de Tacna [Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/24474
Elorrieta, A., Análisis de ciclo de vida de un tramo de la carretera Tacna - Collpa en la región de Tacna []. PE: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú; 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/24474
@misc{renati/526912,
title = "Análisis de ciclo de vida de un tramo de la carretera Tacna - Collpa en la región de Tacna",
author = "Elorrieta Mendoza, Alvaro Alejandro",
publisher = "Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú",
year = "2023"
}
Roads are essential infrastructures for the economic and social development of any country. However, they are also responsible for a considerable amount of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions due to the intensive use of materials and machinery that entails its construction and maintenance, including their subsequent operation by land vehicles. Therefore, it is essential that an appropriate environmental impact assessment (EIA) be carried out to estimate the environmental impacts of road projects in Peru. Although there is already a current regulation in in Peru that obliges them to have an EIA for its enforcement, most of these are limited to providing qualitative information without adjusting to the reality of each road project due to lack of information and appropriate financing. Thus, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tool was used to complement and nourish the EIA of the first section of the 52 km stretch Tacna-Collpa road in the southern region of Tacna by determining the environmental impacts in detail. Using the guidelines stipulated in the ISO 14040 and 14044 standards; construction, use and maintenance phases were evaluated through the functional unit of 1 km of highway in one year of operation. Primary data sources were the technical file of the project, the traffic study of the area and the maintenance report for the year 2022; which were complemented with the ecoinvent v3 database and public reports from the Peruvian state and the regional government of Tacna. Likewise, the emission of particulate matter was modeled independently. Through the ReCiPe 2016 and IPCC 2013 methodology, seven impact categories were established such as climate change, land use transformation, particle formation, among others. This LCA study allows a broader understanding of the environmental impacts of a road in the highlands of Peru and its results show that most of these in different categories are coupled in the use stage. For example, in climate change category, 85 tons of CO2 eq correspond directly to the road's own use, while 68 tons of CO2 eq were generated by its construction for one year of operation. The main reason for these values was due to the presence of mostly light vehicles and buses according to the project's traffic study and because it is the main connection route between the countries of Peru and Bolivia. On the other hand, maintenance did not have a considerable value in all the categories analyzed. Likewise, through a sensitivity analysis, alternative scenarios were compared to determine the influence in comparison to the base scenario, among which the use of electric vehicles was included. In this analysis, it was concluded that the use of electric vehicles or vehicles with Euro VI regulations help reduce environmental impacts in all impact categories. Similarly, the lack of maintenance causes particulate matter emissions in the use phase to increase up to five times their original value. Finally, recommendations for sustainable practices were made based on the main sources of environmental contamination found in the investigation, such as the use of B20 biodiesel in construction machinery or the inclusion of recycled materials in the laying of the pavement. These recommendations can be applied by construction companies and the Peruvian government through guidelines and directives for the execution of future road projects in regions of the Peruvian highlands.
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