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Cabello, J., (2021). Control de calidad para las obras subterráneas en la construcción del Metro de Lima [Tesis, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería]. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22076
Cabello, J., Control de calidad para las obras subterráneas en la construcción del Metro de Lima [Tesis]. PE: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería; 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22076
@misc{renati/267162,
title = "Control de calidad para las obras subterráneas en la construcción del Metro de Lima",
author = "Cabello Masgo, Juan",
publisher = "Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería",
year = "2021"
}
Título: Control de calidad para las obras subterráneas en la construcción del Metro de Lima
Autor(es): Cabello Masgo, Juan
Asesor(es): Fuentes Ortíz, César Alfredo
Palabras clave: Obras subterráneas; Construcción; Metro de Lima; Control de calidad
Campo OCDE: http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.01.01
Fecha de publicación: 2021
Institución: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería
Resumen: Para la ejecución de las obras es necesario que se tenga un buen control de calidad y más aún si se trata de megaproyectos en los que se tienen cantidades enormes de obra: vaciado de concreto, colocación de materiales, montaje de equipamiento electromecánico, etc. Tal es el caso de los nuevos proyectos subterráneos para ejecutar las líneas del Metro de Lima.
Muchos proyectos, al día de hoy, vienen siendo objeto de discusión técnica por no haberse hecho un buen control de calidad de los materiales o de los procesos constructivos. Estas obras que luego de inauguradas presentan imperfecciones por mala calidad de los materiales o por fallas en su ejecución vienen sufriendo fallas, rajaduras, etc. Por ello, contar con un sistema de control de calidad en las obras es importante pues permite que se cumplan con los objetivos principales del proyecto y no se generen mayores costos por la mala calidad de los materiales utilizados en su ejecución.
El proyecto de la Línea 2 del Metro de Lima contempla la construcción de 27 km de vía subterránea mediante un túnel subterráneo que está de 10 a 22 m bajo tierra, un patio taller y 27 estaciones subterráneas para pasajeros.
Esta será la primera vez que en la ciudad de Lima se construyen estaciones subterráneas de pasajeros y túneles para metros. Para su construcción se emplean diferentes sistemas constructivos. Por ejemplo: estaciones ejecutadas por el método “de arriba hacia abajo”, estaciones ejecutadas por el método de “cortar y cubrir”, túneles ejecutados por TBM (máquina perforadora de túneles) y túneles ejecutados por el método NATM (Nuevo Método Austriaco).
El presente trabajo de tesis presenta lo que hoy en día es novedad en el sector construcción en el Perú. Por ello se resalta la importancia de contar con un Plan de Calidad para cumplir con uno de los objetivos del contratante, en este caso el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones.
Los capítulos desarrollados en la tesis enfocan principalmente el proceso de control de calidad aplicado a las principales actividades del proyecto en mención, así como también presenta las mejoras implementadas y los resultados obtenidos luego de la medición. Además, se propone el uso de los estándares de la aplicación de la norma ISO 9001:2015, para lo cual se ha analizado las actividades del proyecto referido a la aplicación del Plan de Gestión de Calidad para la ejecución de las obras civiles.
La investigación se basa en analizar el Plan de Gestión de la Calidad del proyecto y la eficacia que este tuvo para la ejecución de la obra. Durante las visitas realizadas se detectaron algunas deficiencias que fueron registradas como No Conformidades. Estos registros generan una respuesta adecuada por parte de la organización conformando un proceso de aprendizaje de gran riqueza y utilidad, lo que favorece a la realización de importantes mejoras. La subsanación de todas estas observaciones arroja resultados de impacto de hasta un 3% adicional en los costos iniciales de actividades por frente de trabajo, tomando en consideración costos de tiempo y recursos. La gestión del tiempo o su ausencia ejerce un impacto directo en la calidad y los costos del producto final.
Se concluye que el Plan de Gestión de Calidad adoptado ayuda a que el proyecto se desarrolle de una manera ágil, ordenada y eficiente, teniendo como consecuencia la reducción de costos por retrasos en los procesos constructivos y agilidad en la toma de decisiones.
For the execution of the works, it is necessary to have a good quality control and even more so if it is megaprojects in which there are huge amounts of work: concrete emptying, placement of materials, assembly of electromechanical equipment, etc. Such is the case of the new underground projects to execute the Lima Metro lines. Many projects, to date, have been subject to technical discussion due to not having made a good quality control of the materials or the construction processes. These works that, after being inaugurated, present imperfections due to poor quality of the materials or due to failures in their execution, have suffered failures, cracks, etc. Therefore, having a quality control system in the works is important because it allows the main objectives of the project to be met and higher costs are not generated due to the poor quality of the materials used in its execution. The Line 2 project of the Lima Metro includes the construction of 27 km of underground track through an underground tunnel that is 10 to 22 m underground, a workshop yard and 27 underground stations for passengers. This will be the first time that the city of Lima has built underground passenger stations and subway tunnels. Different construction systems are used for its construction. For example: stations executed by the "top down" method, stations executed by the "cut and cover" method, tunnels executed by TBM (tunnel boring machine) and tunnels executed by the NATM (New Austrian Method) method. This thesis presents what is today a novelty in the construction sector in Peru. For this reason, the importance of having a Quality Plan is highlighted to meet one of the contractor's objectives, in this case the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The chapters developed in the thesis focus mainly on the quality control process applied to the main activities of the project in question, as well as presenting the improvements implemented and the results obtained after the measurement. In addition, the use of the standards for the application of the ISO 9001: 2015 standard is proposed, for which the activities of the project have been analyzed, referring to the application of the Quality Management Plan for the execution of civil works. The research is based on analyzing the Quality Management Plan of the project and its effectiveness in carrying out the work. During the visits carried out, some deficiencies were detected that were registered as Non-Conformities. These records generate an adequate response on the part of the organization, forming a learning process of great wealth and utility, which favors the realization of important improvements. The correction of all these observations yields impact results of up to an additional 3% in the initial costs of activities per work front, taking into account time and resource costs. Time management or its absence has a direct impact on the quality and costs of the final product. It is concluded that the adopted Quality Management Plan helps the project to develop in an agile, orderly and efficient way, resulting in the reduction of costs due to delays in construction processes and agility in decision-making.
For the execution of the works, it is necessary to have a good quality control and even more so if it is megaprojects in which there are huge amounts of work: concrete emptying, placement of materials, assembly of electromechanical equipment, etc. Such is the case of the new underground projects to execute the Lima Metro lines. Many projects, to date, have been subject to technical discussion due to not having made a good quality control of the materials or the construction processes. These works that, after being inaugurated, present imperfections due to poor quality of the materials or due to failures in their execution, have suffered failures, cracks, etc. Therefore, having a quality control system in the works is important because it allows the main objectives of the project to be met and higher costs are not generated due to the poor quality of the materials used in its execution. The Line 2 project of the Lima Metro includes the construction of 27 km of underground track through an underground tunnel that is 10 to 22 m underground, a workshop yard and 27 underground stations for passengers. This will be the first time that the city of Lima has built underground passenger stations and subway tunnels. Different construction systems are used for its construction. For example: stations executed by the "top down" method, stations executed by the "cut and cover" method, tunnels executed by TBM (tunnel boring machine) and tunnels executed by the NATM (New Austrian Method) method. This thesis presents what is today a novelty in the construction sector in Peru. For this reason, the importance of having a Quality Plan is highlighted to meet one of the contractor's objectives, in this case the Ministry of Transport and Communications. The chapters developed in the thesis focus mainly on the quality control process applied to the main activities of the project in question, as well as presenting the improvements implemented and the results obtained after the measurement. In addition, the use of the standards for the application of the ISO 9001: 2015 standard is proposed, for which the activities of the project have been analyzed, referring to the application of the Quality Management Plan for the execution of civil works. The research is based on analyzing the Quality Management Plan of the project and its effectiveness in carrying out the work. During the visits carried out, some deficiencies were detected that were registered as Non-Conformities. These records generate an adequate response on the part of the organization, forming a learning process of great wealth and utility, which favors the realization of important improvements. The correction of all these observations yields impact results of up to an additional 3% in the initial costs of activities per work front, taking into account time and resource costs. Time management or its absence has a direct impact on the quality and costs of the final product. It is concluded that the adopted Quality Management Plan helps the project to develop in an agile, orderly and efficient way, resulting in the reduction of costs due to delays in construction processes and agility in decision-making.
Enlace al repositorio: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14076/22076
Disciplina académico-profesional: Ingeniería Civil
Institución que otorga el grado o título: Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil
Grado o título: Ingeniero Civil
Jurado: Velarde Dorrego, Jesús Eufrasio; Cachay Huamán, Rafael
Fecha de registro: 16-may-2022
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